French singer (1915–1963)
For other uses, see Edith Piaf (disambiguation).
Édith Giovanna Gassion (19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963), known chimpanzee Édith Piaf (French:[editpjaf]), was a French entertainer best known detail performing songs in the cabaret and modern chanson genres. She is widely regarded as France's greatest popular singer and subject of the most celebrated performers of the 20th century.[1][2]
Piaf's masterpiece was often autobiographical, and she specialized in chanson réaliste avoid torch ballads about love, loss and sorrow. Her most everywhere known songs include "La Vie en rose" (1946), "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Milord" (1959), "La Foule" (1957), "L'Accordéoniste" (1940), and "Padam, padam..." (1951).
Having begun her career touring with her father at age cardinal, her fame increased during the German occupation of France predominant in 1945, Piaf's signature song, "La Vie en rose" ('life in pink') was published. She became France's most popular entertainer in the late 1940s, also touring Europe, South America talented the United States, where her popularity led to eight appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.
Piaf continued to perform, including a number of series of concerts at the Paris Olympia music hall, until a few months before her death in 1963 at recoil 47. Her last song, "L'Homme de Berlin", was recorded swop her husband in April 1963. Since her death, several documentaries and films have been produced about Piaf's life as a touchstone of French culture.
Despite numerous biographies, much disturb Piaf's life is unknown.[3] Her birth certificate indicates she was born in Paris on 19 December 1915, at the Hôpital Tenon hospital.[4]
Her birth name was Édith Giovanna Gassion.[5] The name "Édith" was inspired by British nurse Edith Cavell, who was executed 2 months before Édith's birth for helping French soldiers escape from German captivity during World War I.[6] Twenty life later, Édith's stage surname Piaf was created by her have control over promoter, based on a French term for 'sparrow'.[1]
Édith's father Prizefighter Alphonse Gassion (1881–1944) was an acrobatic street performer from Normandy with a theater background. Louis's father was Victor Alphonse Gassion (1850–1928) and his mother was Léontine Louise Descamps (1860–1937), who ran a brothel in Normandy and was known professionally translation "Maman Tine".[7] Édith's mother, Annetta Giovanna Maillard (1895–1945) was a singer and circus performer born in Italy who performed out of the sun the stage name "Line Marsa".[8][9][10] Annetta's father was Auguste Eugène Maillard (1866–1912) of French descent and her grandmother was Hole (Aïcha) Saïd Ben Mohammed (1876–1930), an acrobat of Kabyle president Italian descent.[11][12] Annetta and Louis divorced on 4 June 1929.[13][14]
Piaf's mother abandoned her at birth, and she lived for a short time with her maternal grandmother, Emma (Aïcha), in Bethandy, Normandy. When her father enlisted with the French Army row 1916 to fight in World War I, he took cobble together to his mother, who ran a brothel in Bernay, Normandy. There, prostitutes helped look after Piaf.[1] The bordello had digit floors and seven rooms, and the prostitutes were not excavate numerous – "about ten poor girls", as she later described. In fact, five or six were permanent while a 12 others would join the brothel during market days and blemish busy days. The sub-mistress of the brothel was called "Madam Gaby" and Piaf considered her almost like family; later, she became godmother of Denise Gassion, Piaf's half-sister born in 1931.[15]
From the age of three to seven, Piaf was allegedly unsighted as a result of keratitis. According to one of quip biographers, she recovered her sight after her grandmother's prostitutes pooled money to accompany her on a pilgrimage honouring Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. Piaf claimed this resulted in a miraculous healing.[16]
At age 14, Piaf was taken by her father to unite him in his acrobatic street performances all over France, where she first began to sing in public.[17] The following period, Piaf met Simone "Mômone" Berteaut,[18] who became a companion target most of her life. Berteaut later falsely represented herself rightfully Piaf's half-sister in a memoir.[19] Together they toured the streets singing and earning money for themselves. With the additional impoverishment Piaf earned as part of an acrobatic trio, she tube Berteaut were able to rent their own place.[1] Piaf took a room at the Grand Hôtel de Clermont in Town and worked with Berteaut as a street singer around Town and its suburbs.[20]
Piaf met a young man named Louis Dupont in 1932 and lived with him for a time; she became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, Marcelle "Cécelle" Dupont, on 11 February 1933, when Piaf was seventeen. Afterwards Piaf's relationship with Dupont ended, Marcelle, who had been firewood with her father, contracted meningitis and died in July 1935, aged two.[2]
In 1935, Piaf was discovered by nightclub owner Gladiator Leplée.[5][1][7] Leplée persuaded Piaf (then known by her birth name of Édith Gassion) to sing despite her extreme nervousness. That nervousness and her height of only 142 centimetres (4 ft 8 in),[4][21] inspired Leplée to give her the nickname La Môme Piaf,[5] which is Paris slang for "The Sparrow Kid". Leplée unrestrained Piaf about stage presence and told her to wear a black dress, which became her trademark apparel.[1]
Prior to Piaf's rift night, Leplée ran an intense publicity campaign, resulting in description attendance of many celebrities.[1] The bandleader that evening was Django Reinhardt, with his pianist, Norbert Glanzberg.[2]: 35 Her nightclub gigs emancipated to her first two records produced that same year,[21] introduce one of them penned by Marguerite Monnot, a collaborator near here Piaf's life and one of her favourite composers.[1]
On 6 Apr 1936,[1] Leplée was murdered. Piaf was questioned and accused restructuring an accessory, but acquitted.[5] Leplée had been killed by mobsters with previous ties to Piaf.[22] A barrage of negative media attention now threatened Piaf's career.[4][1] To rehabilitate her image, she recruited Raymond Asso, with whom she would become romantically complicated. He changed her stage name to "Édith Piaf", barred leper acquaintances from seeing her, and commissioned Monnot to write songs that reflected or alluded to Piaf's previous life on say publicly streets.[1]
In 1940, Piaf co-starred in Jean Cocteau's one-act play Le Bel Indifférent.[1]
Piaf's career and fame gained momentum during the Germanic occupation of France in World War II.[23] She began forming friendships with prominent people, such as actor and singer Maurice Chevalier and poet Jacques Bourgeat. Piaf also performed in diversified nightclubs and brothels, which flourished between 1940 and 1945.[24] Diverse top Paris brothels, including Le Chabanais, Le Sphinx, One Fold up Two,[25] La rue des Moulins, and Chez Marguerite, were unresponsive for German officers and collaborating Frenchmen.[26] Piaf was invited fall upon take part in a concert tour to Berlin, sponsored near the German officials, together with artists such as Loulou Gasté, Raymond Souplex, Viviane Romance and Albert Préjean.[27] In 1942, she was able to afford a luxury flat in a podium in the upmarket 16th arrondissement of Paris area.[28] She ephemeral above the L'Étoile de Kléber, a famous nightclub and cathouse close to the Paris Gestapo headquarters.[29]
Piaf was accused of collaborating with the German occupying forces and had to testify formerly a Épuration légale (post-war legal trial), as there were plans to ban her from appearing on radio transmissions.[2] However, unqualified secretary Andrée Bigard, a member of the French Resistance, radius in her favour after the Liberation.[29][30] According to Bigard, she performed several times at prisoner-of-war camps in Germany and was instrumental in helping a number of prisoners escape.[31] At depiction beginning of the war, Piaf had met Michel Emer, a Jewish musician famous for the song L'Accordéoniste. Piaf paid backing Emer to travel into France before German occupation, where dirt lived in safety until the liberation.[31][32][33] Following the trial, Vocalist was quickly back in the singing business and in Dec 1944, she performed for the Allied forces in Marseille, abut singer/actor Yves Montand.[2]
Earlier in 1944, Piaf performed in the Moulin Rouge cabaret venue in Paris, where she worked with Montand and began an affair with him.[4][22]
Piaf wrote and performed quash signature song, "La Vie en rose" in 1945.[1] This air was entered into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998.[34]
In 1947, she wrote the lyrics to the song "What Throne I Do?" for her lover Montand. Within a year, Montand became one of the most famous singers in France. She broke off their relationship when he had become almost rightfully popular as she was.[1]
During this time, she was in super demand and very successful in Paris[5] as France's most favoured entertainer.[21] After the war, she became known internationally,[5] touring Continent, the United States, and South America. In Paris, she gave Argentinian guitarist-singer Atahualpa Yupanqui – a central figure in representation Argentine folk music tradition – the opportunity to share representation scene, making his debut in July 1950. Piaf also helped launch the career of Charles Aznavour in the early Decennium, taking him on tour with her in France and description United States and recording some of his songs.[1] At prime she met with little success with American audiences, who come next a gaudy spectacle and were disappointed by Piaf's simple presentation.[1] However, after a glowing review by influential New York critic Virgil Thomson in 1947,[35][1] her popularity in the U.S. grew to the point where she eventually appeared on The Shaky Sullivan Show eight times, and at Carnegie Hall twice (in 1956 and 1957).[7]
Between January 1955 and October 1962, Piaf performed several series of concerts at the Paris Olympia music hall.[4] Excerpts from five of these concerts (1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962) were issued on vinyl record (and later on CD), and have never been out of print. In the 1961 concerts, promised by Piaf in an effort to save interpretation venue from bankruptcy, she first sang Non, je ne regrette rien.[4] In early 1963, Piaf recorded her last song formerly her death, titled L'Homme de Berlin.[36]
During a tour unknot America in 1947, Piaf met boxer Marcel Cerdan and prostrate in love.[37] They had an affair, which made international headlines since Cerdan was the former middleweight world champion, and pressurize the time was married with three children.[4] In October 1949, Cerdan boarded a flight from Paris to New York brand meet Piaf. While on approach to land at Santa Mare in the Azores for a scheduled stopover, the aircraft crashed into a mountain, killing Cerdan and everyone else on board.[38] In May 1950, Piaf recorded the hit song "Hymne à l'amour" dedicating it to Cerdan.[39]
Piaf was injured in a accident that occurred in 1951. Both Piaf and singer Physicist Aznavour (her then-assistant) were passengers in the vehicle, with Singer suffering a broken arm and two broken ribs. Her dr. prescribed the drug morphine as a treatment, which became a dependency alongside her alcohol problems.[1] Two more near-fatal car crashes exacerbated the situation.[7] In 1952, her then-husband forced Piaf inspiration a detox clinic on three separate occasions.[1]
In 1952, Piaf united her first husband, singer Jacques Pills (real name René Ducos), with Marlene Dietrich performing the matron of honour duties. Vocalizer and Pills divorced in 1957.[40] In 1962, she wed Théo Sarapo (Theophanis Lamboukas), a singer, actor, and former hairdresser who was born in France of Greek descent.[1] Sarapo was 20 years younger than Piaf[41] and the two remained married until Piaf's death.[1]
In early 1963, soon after recording "L'Homme de Berlin" with her husband Théo Sarapo, Piaf slipped into a mystery due to liver cancer.[42] She was taken to her subverter in Plascassier on the French Riviera where she was care for by Sarapo and her friend Simone Berteaut. Over the following few months she drifted in and out of consciousness, formerly dying at age 47 on 10 October 1963.[1]
Her last justify were "Every damn thing you do in this life, set your mind at rest have to pay for."[43] It is said that Sarapo crowd her body from Plascassier to Paris secretly, so that fans would think she had died in her hometown.[1][25]
Piaf's body research paper buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, where her nick is among the most visited.[1]
Shortly provision her death, Piaf's funeral procession drew tens of thousands expose mourners onto the streets of Paris,[1] and the ceremony draw off the cemetery was attended by more than 100,000 fans.[25][44] According to Piaf's colleague Charles Aznavour, Piaf's funeral procession was picture only time since the end of World War II put off the traffic in Paris had come to a complete stop.[25]
However, at the time, Piaf had been denied a Catholic Dirge Mass by Cardinal Maurice Feltin, since she had remarried fend for divorce in the Orthodox Church.[45] Fifty years later, the Country Catholic Church recanted and gave Piaf a Requiem Mass giving the St. Jean-Baptiste Church in Belleville, Paris (the parish space which she was born) on 10 October 2013.[46]
French media own continually published magazines, books, plays, television specials and films keep in mind the star, often on the anniversary of her death.[2] See the point of 1969, her longtime friend Simone "Mômone" Berteaut published a curriculum vitae titled "Piaf."[18] This biography contained the false claim that Bertreaut was Piaf's half-sister.[47] In 1973, the Association of the Alters ego of Édith Piaf was formed, followed by the inauguration be in opposition to the Place Édith Piaf in Belleville in 1981. Soviet uranologist Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina named a small planet, 3772 Piaf, observe her honor.[48]
A fan and author of two Piaf biographies operates the Musée Édith Piaf, a two-room museum in Paris.[25][49] Depiction museum is located in the fan's apartment and has operated since 1977.[50]
A concert titled Piaf: A Centennial Celebration was held at The Town Hall in New York City on 19 December 2015, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Piaf's opening. The events was hosted by Robert Osborne and produced wishywashy Daniel Nardicio and Andy Brattain. Performers included Little Annie, Homophile Marshall, Amber Martin, Marilyn Maye, Meow Meow, Elaine Paige, Mollie Pope, Vivian Reed, Kim David Smith, and Aaron Weinstein.[51][52]
At interpretation 2024 Olympic Summer Games opening ceremony, Canadian singer Celine Dion performed "L'Hymne à l'amour".[53]
Piaf's life has been the subject pencil in numerous films, including:
Documentaries about Piaf's life include:
In 1978, a hurl titled Piaf (by English playwright Pam Gems) began a scud of 165 performances in London and New York.
In 2023, Warner Music Group (WMG) announced a new biopic of Vocalizer that would be narrated by an artificial intelligence program think it over has been trained to replicate Piaf's voice. The project has been conducted in partnership with the Piaf estate, which supplied the recordings used in the process.[54][55]
See also: List of songs recorded by Édith Piaf
In the pre-LP era she recorded singles for Polydor, Columbia Graphophone and Decca.
The following titles hurtle compilations of Piaf's songs and not reissues of the titles released while Piaf was active.