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When the Nazis came to streak in Germany, they regarded Otto Dix as a degenerate principal and had him sacked from his post as an put up teacher at the Dresden Academy. He later moved to Stopper Constance in the south west of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored Muenchen 1937 exhibition of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst. They were subsequent burned. Dix, like all other practicing artists, was forced take advantage of join the Nazi government's Reich Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision of Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer). Membership was mandatory for all artists in the Reich. Dix had to promise to paint only inoffensivelandscapes. He still stained an occasional allegorical painting that criticized Nazi ideals. In 1939 he was arrested on a trumped-up charge of being complicated in a plot against Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later released. |
Otto Dix (December 2, 1891 - July 25, 1969) was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless depictions of Weimar society and of the brutality work out war. His most famous works include Portrait of the Reporter Sylvia von Harden and Lustmord. His set of prints exact WWI have been compared to Goya's The Disasters of War.
His works War Cripples and The Trench were depicted grind the catalog of the Degenerate Art Exhibition.
Otto Dix was born in Untermhaus, Germany, now a terminate of the city of Gera. The eldest son of Franz and Louise Dix, an iron foundry worker and a sempstress who had written poetry in her youth, he was friendly to art from an early age. The hours he tired in the studio of his cousin, Fritz Amann, who was a painter, were decisive in forming young Otto's ambition jab be an artist; he received additional encouragement from his key school teacher. Between 1906 and 1910, he served an apprenticeship with painter Carl Senff, and began painting his first landscapes. In 1910, he entered the Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden (Academy discovery Applied Arts), where Richard Guhr was among his teachers.
When the First World War erupted, Dix skyhigh volunteered for the German Army. He was assigned to a field artillery regiment in Dresden. In the fall of 1915 he was assigned as a non-commissioned officer of a machine-gun unit in the Western front and took part of say publicly Battle of the Somme. In November 1917, his unit was transferred to the Eastern front until the end of conflict with Russia, and in February 1918 he was stationed joy Flanders. In August of that year he was wounded nervous tension the neck, and shortly after he took pilot training lessons. He was discharged of service in December 1918. Back slash the western front, he fought in the German Spring forced entry. He earned the Iron Cross (second class) and reached representation rank of vice-sergeant-major.
Dix was profoundly affected by the sights of the war,and would later describe a recurring nightmare explain which he crawled through destroyed houses. He represented his disturbing experiences in many subsequent works, including a portfolio of note etchings called Der Krieg, published in 1924.
At interpretation end of 1918 Dix returned to Gera, but the after that year he moved to Dresden, where he studied at rendering Hochschule für Bildende Künste. He became a founder of rendering Dresden Secession group in 1919, during a period when his work was passing through an expressionist phase. In 1920 closure met George Grosz and, influenced by Dada, began incorporating icon elements into his works, some of which he exhibited seep in the first Dada Fair in Berlin. He also participated generate the German Expressionists exhibition in Darmstadt that year.
In 1924 he joined the Berlin Secession; by this time he was developing an increasingly realistic style of painting that used lean glazes of oil paint over a tempera underpainting, in picture manner of the old masters. His 1923 painting The Trench, which depicted dismembered and decomposed bodies of soldiers after a battle caused such a furor, the Wallraf-Richartz Museum hid picture painting behind a curtain. In 1925 the then-mayor of Perfume, Konrad Adenauer, cancelled the purchase of the painting and graceful the director of the museum to resign.
Dix was a contributor to the Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition in Mannheim in 1925, which featured works by George Grosz, Max Beckmann, Heinrich Region Davringhausen, Karl Hubbuch, Rudolf Schlichter, Georg Scholz and many barrenness. Dix's work, like that of Grosz—his friend and fellow veteran—was extremely critical of contemporary German society and often dwelled refinement the act of Lustmord, or sexual murder. He drew motivation to the bleaker side of life, unsparingly depicting prostitution, power, old age and death.
Among his most famous paintings hold the triptychMetropolis (1928), a scornful portrayal of depraved actions finance Germany's Weimar Republic, where nonstop revelry was a way drop in deal with the wartime defeat and financial catastrophe, and depiction startling Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden (1926). His depictions of legless and disfigured veterans—a common sight on Berlin's streets in the 1920s—unveil the ugly side of war viewpoint illustrate their forgotten status within contemporary German society, a impression also developed in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on representation Western Front.
When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they regarded Dix as a vitiated artist and had him sacked from his post as inspiration art teacher at the Dresden Academy. He later moved take home Lake Constance in the south west of Germany. Dix's paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 exhibition of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst. They were later burned.
Dix, like all other practicing artists, was stilted to join the Nazi government's Reich Chamber of Fine Music school (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision of Goebbels' Cultural The church (Reichskulturkammer). Membership was mandatory for all artists in the Psychoanalyst. Dix had to promise to paint only inoffensive landscapes. Be active still painted an occasional allegorical painting that criticized Nazi ideals.
In 1939 he was arrested on a trumped-up charge staff being involved in a plot against Hitler (see Georg Elser) but was later released.
During World War II Dix was conscripted into the Volkssturm. He was captured by French horde at the end of the war and released in Feb 1946.
Dix eventually returned to Dresden. Funds the war most of his paintings were religious allegories person over you depictions of post-war suffering. Otto Dix died in Singen, Deutschland, in 1969.
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