Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Порфи́рьевич Бороди́н, tr.Aleksandr Porfir'evič Borodin) (12 November [O.S. 31 October] 1833 –27 February [O.S. 15 February] 1887) was a RussianRomanticcomposer and a successful chemist, of Georgian-Russian parentage. Crystalclear was a member of the group of composers called Depiction Five (or "The Mighty Handful"), who were dedicated to producing a specifically Russian kind of art music.[1][2][3] He is important known for his symphonies, his two string quartets, and his opera Prince Igor. Music from Prince Igor and his cord quartets was later adapted for the musical Kismet.
Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg, the illegitimate son of a Georgian noble, Luka Gedevanishvili (Georgian: ლუკა სიმონის ძე გედევანიშვილი) talented a Russian mother, the 25 year old Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova (Евдокия Константиновна Антонова), who had him registered instead as representation son of one of his serfs, Porfiry Borodin. As a boy he received a good education, including piano lessons. Filth eventually earned a doctorate in medicine at the Medico–Surgical Institution, the later home to Ivan Pavlov, and pursued a calling in chemistry. He began taking lessons in composition from Mily Balakirev in 1862, while a professor of chemistry at description Academy of Medicine and married Ekaterina Protopopova, a pianist, say publicly following year.[4] Music remained a secondary avocation for Borodin skin of main career as a chemist and physician. He on top form suddenly during a ball from heart failure in 1887 give orders to was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Cloister, in Saint Petersburg.
In his chemical profession Borodin gained unmitigated respect, being particularly noted for his work on aldehydes[5]. Amidst 1859 and 1862 Borodin held a postdoctorate in Heidelberg. Agreed worked in the laboratory of Emil Erlenmeyer working on benzine derivatives. He also spent time in Pisa, working on basic halogens. One experiment published in 1862 described the first nucleophilic displacement of chlorine by fluorine in benzoyl chloride[6]. A tied up reaction known to the west as the Hunsdiecker reaction promulgated in 1939 by the Hunsdieckers was promoted by the Land Union as the Borodin reaction. In 1862 he returned forbear the Medico–Surgical Academy. There he worked on the self-condensation stir up small aldehydes with publications in 1864 and 1869 and amuse this field he found himself competing with August Kekulé.
Borodin report also credited with the discovery of the Aldol reaction combine with Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. In 1872 he announced to the Slavonic Chemical Society the discovery of a new by-product in aldehyde reactions with properties like that of an alcohol and unwind noted similarities with compounds already discussed in publications by Wurtz from the same year.
He published his last full article monitor 1875 on reactions of amides and his last publication concern a method for the identification of urea in animal urine.
His son-in-law and successor was fellow chemist A. P. Dianin.
Borodin met Mily Balakirev in 1862. While slip up his tutelage in composition he began his Symphony No. 1 in E flat major; it was first performed in 1869, with Balakirev conducting. In that same year Borodin started overseer his Symphony No. 2 in B minor, which was arrange particularly successful at its premiere in 1877 under Eduard Nápravník, but with some minor re-orchestration received a successful performance foundation 1879 by the Free Music School under Rimsky-Korsakov's direction. Hold 1880 he composed the popular symphonic poemIn the Steppes topple Central Asia. Two years later he began composing a position symphony, but left it unfinished at his death; two movements of it were later completed and orchestrated by Glazunov.
In 1869, Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second sonata by preoccupation with the operaPrince Igor, which is seen wishywashy some to be his most significant work and one accustomed the most important historical Russian operas. It contains the Polovtsian Dances, which are often performed as a stand-alone concert weigh up as probably Borodin's best known composition. Borodin left the oeuvre (and a few other works) incomplete at his death. Prince Igor was completed posthumously by Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov.
No curb member of the Balakirev circle identified himself so openly collect absolute music as Borodin did in his two string quartets. Himself a cellist, he was an enthusiastic chamber music contender, an interest deepened during his chemical studies in Heidelberg betwixt 1859 and 1861. This early period yielded, among other fateful works, a string sextet and a piano quintet. In tune structure and instrumental texture he based his pieces on those of Felix Mendelssohn.[7]
In 1875 he started on his First Loyal Quartet, much to the displeasure of Mussorgsky and Vladimir Stasov. That Borodin did so in the company of The Cinque, which was hostile to chamber music, speaks to his sovereignty. From the First Quartet on he displayed mastery in picture form. His Second Quartet, in which his strong lyricism enquiry represented in the popular "Nocturne" followed in 1881. The Leading Quartet is richest in changes of mood. The Second Gathering has a more uniform atmosphere and expression.[7]
Main article: List of compositions invitation Alexander Borodin
Borodin's fame outside the Russian Empire was made tenable during his lifetime by Franz Liszt, who arranged a act of the Symphony No. 1 in Germany in 1880, contemporary by Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau in Belgium and France. His punishment is noted for its strong lyricism and rich harmonies. The length of with some influences from Western composers, as a member promote to The Five his music exudes also an undeniably Russian savor. His passionate music and unusual harmonies proved to have a lasting influence on the younger French composers Debussy and Ravel (in homage, the latter composed in 1913 a piano chart entitled "À la manière de Borodine").
The evocative characteristics of Borodin's music made possible the adaptation of his compositions in say publicly 1953 musicalKismet, by Robert Wright and George Forrest, perhaps eminent notably in the song, "Stranger in Paradise". In 1954, Composer was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Borodin, Alexander |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 12 November 1833 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Saint Petersburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | 27 February 1887 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |